The rhomboid muscle (M. rhomboideus) in horses: Important functions and possible problems

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The rhomboid muscle, better known as the diamond-shaped muscle, plays a pivotal role in the horse's movement and stabilization, particularly in the shoulder girdle and neck area. Despite its important function, this muscle is often overlooked because it is located in the deep muscle layer beneath the trapezius muscle.

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Anatomy and function of the rhomboid muscle

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The rhomboideus muscle runs from the nuchal ligament (funiculus nuchae) at the 2nd cervical vertebra to the upper edge of the scapula, where it joins the trapezius muscle. This muscle is divided into two parts:

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• Pars cervicis: Originates ventral to the nuchal cord (from the 2nd cervical vertebra) and runs to the upper edge of the scapula.
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• Pars thoracis: Begins at the dorsal ligament and extends to the level of the 8th to 9th thoracic vertebrae.
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The rhomboid muscle has several important functions:

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1. Shoulder extension and elevation: The rhomboid muscle draws the shoulder blade toward the trunk and helps to raise the limbs, which is particularly necessary for movements such as raising the forelegs and returning the limbs.
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2. Antagonist of the pectoralis transversus muscle: The rhomboid muscle supports the lifting of the forelegs and counteracts the pectoralis transversus muscle, which has a similar function.
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3. Neck lift: The muscle also contributes to neck movement and helps lift and stabilize the head.
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Problems and symptoms in horses

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A horse with problems with the rhomboid muscle may have difficulty lifting its limbs efficiently, which can lead to a variety of movement problems. The most common symptoms and problems include:

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1. Difficulty overriding and jumping: If the rhomboid muscle is tight or blocked, the horse may have trouble lifting its forelegs properly. This can lead to the horse hitting more often when overriding poles or hitting fences too early or too late when jumping.
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2. Problems with lateral movements: A contracted or tight rhomboid muscle blocks the range of motion of the scapula and prevents free lateral movement of the shoulders. This leads to problems with lateral movements such as traverses or shoulder-in.
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3. Limited mobility and ground-wide limb position: Limited mobility of the rhomboid muscle can lead to a rigid posture in which the horse's limbs are further apart instead of moving in a flexible, coordinated movement.
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Causes of problems in the rhomboid muscle

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There are several factors that can lead to problems in the rhomboid muscle:

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• Incorrect or hard equipment: Bridles that are too tight or improper saddle or bridle use can put strain on the muscles and lead to tension.
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• Excessive or incorrect strain: Intensive or incorrect training methods can overload the rhomboid muscle and lead to pain and tension.
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• Inadequate warm-up: An inadequate or abrupt warm-up can result in the muscle not being optimally prepared for the movement, which can lead to injury or tension.
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• Stress and mental tension: Stress can also lead to tension in this muscle, as it can build up additional tension in stressful situations.
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How to relieve tension and fascial adhesions in your horse's rhomboid muscle

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With the NeedleyRoll fascia and massage roller for horses, the entire rhomboid muscle (M. rhomboideus) can be worked evenly on both sides. Start with little to no pressure and work your way up gently. Pay close attention to your horse's reactions to find out what works for him. Stay mindful and try different pressure levels and movements to gently release tension and adhesions and relax the muscle.

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Conclusion

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The rhomboid muscle plays a pivotal role in the mobility and coordination of the horse's shoulders and neck. Tension or blockages in this muscle can lead to various movement problems, particularly when working with the forelegs and during lateral movements. Horse-appropriate training, appropriate equipment, and regular stretching exercises are crucial to keeping this muscle healthy and flexible so the horse stays healthy and can perform at its best.

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